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[E603]. History and Philosophy of Natural Science II (IFFE II): Introduction. The conceptual structure of physics of the 19th century. Faraday, Maxwell, Weber, Helmholtz, Hertz. Caloric theory. Carnot, Joyle, Thomson, Clausius. Laws of thermodynamics. Principle of conservation of energy. Kinetic theory of gases. Maxwell - Boltzmann molecular physics problems. Lorentz. The stationary ether. Electromagnetic worldview. Poincare. Einstein. Special theory of relativity, the sources of the "critical" experiment. Building a scientific theory. The law of Planck, the history and its interpretation. The atom of Bohr. The ad-hoc composition. The genesis of quantum mechanics. The controversy Einstein - Bohr.